The sterling I use is supplied by a UK manufacturer as fully recycled with a minimum fineness of 92.5% silver; the remaining element of the alloy being copper. Within my making process I use food grade citric acid, vegan polishes, Liver of Sulphur, food grade Sodium Bicarbonate, Renaissance Wax finally cleaning each item with tap water and ‘Simple’ branded face soap. Each piece I make will stand up to regular wear, but, as with all jewellery, please keep it away from children, don’t eat it, remove it before washing, using chemicals, applying perfume etc. Apply body lotion and perfume a few minutes before putting on your jewellery to help slow down tarnish. The gemstones I use have been sold to me by reputable UK dealers as untreated (unless stated specifically in the listing). They are a natural, organic creation from the earth and each one will be slightly different. It's law in the UK, that precious metals for sale, heavier than 7.78grams (silver) / 1gram (gold) must be formally assayed (ie tested, verified & hallmarked)